Eliane Milohanic is a microbiologist and researcher whose work focuses on the study of bacterial infection mechanisms, with a focus on the Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes as a model organism. She completed her PhD in microbiology at the Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades in 2000. After a postdoctoral fellowship at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, she started her tenure at INRAE in 2006. At INRAE, her research initially focused on the impact of carbon metabolism on Listeria virulence. Since 2015, she has shifted her focus towards investigating the intracellular persistence mechanisms of this pathogen
